Spinal Anesthesia Complications in Surgical Patients: Literature Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53089/medula.v15i3.1646Keywords:
Compilation; Operation; Spinal AnesthesiaAbstract
Spinal anesthesia is a widely used regional anesthetic technique in various surgical procedures due to its rapid onset, effective analgesia, adequate muscle relaxation, and faster recovery compared to general anesthesia. This technique involves the injection of local anesthetic agents into the subarachnoid space to block sensory and motor nerve transmission. This article aims to review the complications associated with spinal anesthesia in surgical patients using a literature review method. Literature searches were conducted in PubMed, NCBI, and Google Scholar databases, focusing on articles published between 2015 and 2025. Selected studies were analyzed using a systematic literature review approach, including data collection, evaluation, and synthesis. The findings indicate that although spinal anesthesia offers several advantages, it is also associated with various potential complications that require careful attention. Common complications include hypothermia due to impaired thermoregulation, shivering caused by decreased heat production, and post-operative nausea and vomiting related to hypotension and vagal stimulation. Other complications include post-dural puncture headache resulting from cerebrospinal fluid leakage, high or total spinal block which may be life-threatening, and urinary retention due to bladder dysfunction. Understanding these complications is essential to improve patient safety and optimize anesthetic management in clinical practice.
References
Agegnehu, A. F., Gebregzi, A. H., & Endalew, N. S. Review of evidences for management of rapid sequence spinal anesthesia for category one cesarean section, in resource limiting setting. International Journal of Surgery Open. 2020;101–105.
Apriansyah, A., Romadoni, S., & Andrianovita, D. Hubugan antara tingkat kevemasa pre operasi dengan derajat nyeri pada pasien post sectio caserea di RS MUHAMMADIYAH PALEMBANG Tahun 2014. Jurnal Keperawatan Sriwijaya. 2015;2(1), 1–9.
Butterworth, J., Mackey, D. C., & Wasnick, J. Morgan and Mikhail’s Clinical Anesthesiology, 5th edition (5th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education; 2017.
Dwiyanto, E., Handayani, R. N., & Adriani, P. Hubungan Diameter Jarum Spinal Dan Banyaknya Upaya Penusukan Pada Kasus Post Dural Puncture Headache Pada Pasien Post Operasi Sectio Caesaria Di Rsud Cikalong Wetan Jawa Barat. Jurnal Inovasi Penelitian. 2022; 5(3).
Javed, S., Hamid, S., Mahmood, F., & Tahir, K. Spinal anesthesia induced complications in caesarean section a review. Shawana Javed et Al /J. Pharm. Sci. & Res. 2016;3(10), 1530–1538.https://doi.org/10.1007/springerreference_24138.
Mangku, G., & Senapathi, T. G. A. Buku Ajar Ilmu Anesthesia dan Reanimasi. Jakarta : Indeks Permata Puri Media; 2017.
Mashitoh, D., Mendri, N. K., & Majid, A. Lama Operasi Dan Kejadian Shivering Pada Pasien Pasca Spinal Anestesi. Journal of Applied Nursing (Jurnal Keperawatan Terapan). 2018;4(1), 14. https://doi.org/10.31290/jkt.v(4)i(1)y(2018).page:14-20.
Millizia, A., Fitriany, J., & Siregar, D. A. Faktor-Faktor yang berhubungan dengan Post anesthetic shivering pada pasien anestesi spinal di intstalasi bedah sentral ppk blud RSUD CUT MEUTIA ACEH UTARA. Jurnal Ilmiah Sains, Teknologi, Ekonomi, Sosial Dan Budaya. 2020; 4(4).
Muntaha, Y., Sumarni, T., Raudotul, A., & Rifah, M. ’. Hubungan Indeks Massa Tubuh dan Lama Operasi dengan Kejadian Hipotermia pada Pasien Post Operasi dengan Anestesi Spinal di RSU Metro Medical Center Lhokseumawe. Seminar Nasional Penelitian Dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (SNPPKM). 2022;2809(2767), 537–544.
Nugroho, A. M., Harijanto, E., & Fahdika, A. Keefektifan Pencegahan Post Anesthesia Shivering (PAS) pada ras Melayu: Perbandingan Antara Pemberian Ondansetron 4 mg Intravena Dengan Meperidin 0.35 mg/kgBB Intravena. Majalah Anestesia & Critical Care. 2016;34(1), 40–46.
Rahmayati, E., Asbana, Z. Al, & Aprina. Faktor-Faktor yang berhubungan dengan lama perawatan pasien pasca operasi di ruang rawat inap bedah rumah sakit. Jurnal Keperawatan, XIII(2). 2017;195–202.
Triyono, Endarwati, T., & Ratnawati, A. Hubungan Status Fisik (ASA) Dengan Waktu Pencapaian Bromage Score 2 Pada Pasien Spinal Anastesi DI Ruang Pemulihan RSUD Kanjuruhan Kepanjen Kabupaten Malang. Eprints Poltekkes Jogja; 2015.
Tubalawony, S. L., & Siahaya, A. Pengaruh Anastesi spinal terhadap kejadian Hipotermi pada pasien post operasi. Jurnal Keperawatan. 2023; 15, 331–338.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Medical Profession Journal of Lampung
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
