The Correlation Between Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Mortality of COVID-19 Patients at RSUD Dr. H. Abdul Moeloek, Lampung
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53089/medula.v14i7.1052Keywords:
Coronavirus disease 2019, death, neutrophil lymphocyte ratioAbstract
World Health Organization (WHO) declared Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) a pandemic as of March 9, 2020. Data as of October 8, 2021 recorded a total positive case of COVID-19 in Lampung Province were 49,304 cases with 3,790 deaths. Disease progression in COVID-19 patients was determined based on the results of laboratory tests. Several studies reported that the value of Neutrophil Lymphocytes Ratio (NLR) was strongly associated with clinical worsening and even death in COVID-19 patients. This study was purposed to determine the relationship between NLR with death in COVID-19 patients. This study was an observational analytic study with a cross sectional design. The sample was medical record data taken from 44 COVID-19 patients who survived and 44 COVID-19 patients who died in March 2020 - September 2021 at Dr. RSUD. H. Abdul Moeloek Lampung Province. The sample was selected using purposive sampling technique. Statistical analysis was performed by univariate and bivariate analysis. The result of the bivariate analysis with chi quare test showed the p value was 0.000 (p<0.5), which indicated that there were a relationship between NLR with death in COVID-19 patients at RSUD Dr. H. Abdul Moeloek Lampung Province. There were a statistically significant relationship between NLR with death in COVID-19 patients at RSUD Dr. H. Abdul Moeloek Lampung Province.
References
Li C, Zhaoa C, Bao J, Tang B, Wang Y, Gua B. Laboratory diagnosis of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Clinica Chimica Acta. 2020; 510:35-46.
Susilo A, Rumende CM, Pitoyo CW, Santoso WD, Yulianti M, Hernikurniawan, et al. Coronavirus disease 2019: tinjauan literatur terkini. Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia. 2020; 7(1):45-67.
Levani Y, Prastya AD, Mawaddatunnadila S. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): patogenesis, manifestasi klinis dan pilihan terapi. Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan. 2021; 17(1):44-57.
Dinkes Provinsi Lampung. Infografis Update Situasi COVID-19 Provinsi Lampung 8 Oktober 2021 Pukul 10.00 [internet]. 2021 [disitasi tanggal 10 Oktober 2021]. Tersedia dari: https://dinkes.lampungprov.go.id/infografis-update-situasi-covid-19-provinsi-lampung-8-oktober-2021-pukul-10-00/
Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Situasi terkini perkembangan virus COVID-19 9 Oktober 2021 [internet]. 2021 [disitasi tanggal 10 oktober 2021]. Tersedia dari: https://infeksiemerging.kemkes.go.id/document/situasi-terkini-perkembangan-coronavirus-disease-covid-19-9-oktober-2021/view.
Cascella M, Rajnik M, Aleem A, Dulebohn SC, Napoli RD. Features, evaluation and treatment coronavirus (COVID-19). Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2020.
Lagunas-Rangel FA. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and lymphocyte-to-C-reactive protein ratio in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A meta-analysis. J Med Virolo. 2020; 92(10):1733-4
Yusra, NP. Pemeriksaan laboratorium pada coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Medical Hospitalia Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020; 7(1A):304-19.
Pakos IS, Lo KB, Salacup G, Pelayo J, Bhargav R, Peterson E, et al. Characteristics of peripheral blood differential counts in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Eur J Haematol. 2020; 105(6):773-8.
Liu Y, Du X, Chen J, Jin Y, Peng L, Wang HHX, et al. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as an independent risk factor for mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. J Infect. 2020; 81(1):e6-e12.
Ponti G, Maccaferri M, Ruini C, Tomasi A, Ozben T. Biomarkers associated with COVID-19 disease progression. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci. 2020; 57(6):389-99.
Simadibrata DM, Lubis AM. D-dimer levels on admission and all-cause mortality risk in COVID-19 patients: a meta-analysis. Epidemiol Infect. 2020; 148(e202):1–7.
Guo L, Ren L, Yang S, Xiao M, Chang, Yang F, et al. Profiling Early Humoral Response to Diagnose Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). Clin Infect Dis. 2020; 71(15): 778–85.
Rai D, Ranjan A, H A, Pandey S. Clinical and Laboratory Predictors of Mortality in COVID-19 Infection: A Retrospective Observational Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Eastern India. Cureus. 2021; 13(9):1–13.
Wu C, Chen X, Cai Y, Xia J, Zhou X, Xu S, et al. Risk Factors Associated with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Death in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA Intern Med. 2020; 180(7):934–43.
Zhou F, Ting Yu, Du R, Fan G, Liu Y, Liu Z, et al. Clinical Course And Risk Factors For Mortality Of Adult In Patients With COVID-19 In Wuhan, China: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Lancet. 2020; 3(1):01–2.
Ye W, Chen G, Li X, Lan X, Ji C, Hou M, et al. Dynamic changes of D-dimer and neutrophil-lymphocyte count ratio as prognostic biomarkers in COVID-19. Respir Res. 2020; 21(169):1-7.
Bienvenu LA, Noonan J, Wang X, Peter K. Higher mortality of COVID-19 in males: Sex differences in immune response and cardiovascular comorbidities. Cardiovasc Res. 2020; 116(14):2197–206.
Pan F, ang L, Li Y, Liang B, Li L, Ye T, et al. Factors associated with death outcome in patients with severe coronavirus disease-19 (Covid-19): A case-control study. Int J Med Sci. 2020; 17(9):1281–92.
Ejaz H, Alsrhani A, Zafar A, Javed H, Junaid K. COVID-19 and comorbidities: Deleterious impact on infected patients. J Infect Public Health. 2020; 3:1833–9.
Du RH, Liang LR, Yang CQ, Wang W, Cao TZ, Li M, et al. Predictors of mortality for patients with COVID-19 pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2: a prospective cohort study. Eur Respir J. 2020; 55(5):1-8.
Karyono DR, Wicaksana AL. Current prevalence, characteristics, and comorbidities of patients with COVID-19 in Indonesia. Journal of Community Empowerment for Health. 2020; 3(2):77-86.
Lichtman MA, Kaushansky K, Prchal JT, Levi MM, Burns LJ, Armitage JO. Williams Manual of Hematology. 9th Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill Education; 2017.
Albalawi O, Alharbi Y, Bakouri M, Alqahtani A, Alanazi T, Almutairi AZ, et al. Clinical characteristics and predictors of mortality among COVID-19 patients in Saudi Arabia. J Infect Public Health. 2021; 14(8):994-1000.
Zhao K, Li R, Wu X, Zhao Y, Wang T, Zheng Z, et al. Clinical features in 52 patients with COVID-19 who have increased leukocyte count: a retrospective analysis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infectis. 2020; 39:2279-87.
Qin C, Zhou L, Hu Z, hang S, Yang S, Tao Yu, et al. Dysregulation of immune response in patients with coronavirus 2019 (COVID‑19) in Wuhan, China. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2020; 71(15):762–8.
Citu C, Gorun F, Motoc A, Sas I, Gorun OM, Burlea B, et al. The Predictive Role of NLR, d-NLR, MLR, and SIRI in COVID-19 Mortality. Diagnostics (Basel). 2022; 12(1):1-10.
Crankson S, Pokhrel S, Anokye NK. Determinants of COVID-19-Related Length of Hospital Stays and Long COVID in Ghana: A Cross-Sectional. 2022; 19(527):1-11.
Surendra H, Elyazar I, Djaafara B, Ekawati L, Saraswati K, Adrian V, et al. Clinical characteristics and mortality associated with COVID-19 in Jakarta, Indonesia: A hospital-based retrospective cohort study. Lancet. 2021; 9(100108):1-9.
Pluta MP, Zachura MN, Winiarska K, Kalemba A, Kapłan C, Szczepańska AJ, Krzych ŁJ. Usefulness of Selected Peripheral Blood Counts in Predicting Death in Patients with Severe and Critical COVID-19. J Clin Med. 2022; 11(4):1-12.
Zalfa AAA. Uji diagnosis neutrofil, limfosit dan rasio neutrofil limfosit (RNL) pada penderita COVID-19 [Tugas Akhir]. Malang: Universitas Brawijaya; 2020.
Isbaniah F, Juliani T, Damayanti T, Yenita D, Yunus F, Antariksa B, et al. The role of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and d-dimer in predicting the outcome of confirmed COVID-19 patients. J Respir Indo. 2021; 41(4):236-44.
Kusmala YY, Iriawan J, Albarri F, Viradanti T, Mufarrohah S. Prognostic value of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, d-dimer levels, and scoring of lung lesion on chest x-ray on mortality of COVID-19 patients. Atlantis Press. 2021; 37:138-31.
Yan X, Li F, Wang X, Yan J, Zhu F, Tang S, et al. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio as prognostic and predictive factor in patients with coronavirus disease 2019: A retrospective cross-sectional study. J Med Virol. 2020; 92(11):2573–81.
Yang AP, Liu J, Tao W, Li HM. The diagnostic and predictive role of NLR, d-NLR and PLR in COVID-19 patients. International Immunopharmacology. 2020; 8(106504):1-7.
Borges L, Pithon-Curi CT, Curi R, Hatanaka E. COVID-19 and Neutrophils: The Relationship between Hyperinflammation and Neutrophil Extracellular Traps. Mediators of Inflammation. 2020; 2020:1-7.
Bastug A, Bodur H, Erdogan S, Gokcinar D, Kazancioglu S, Kosovali BD, et al. Clinical and laboratory features of COVID-19: Predictors of severe prognosis. Int Immunopharmacol. 2020; 88(106950):1-7.
Singhal T. A review of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Indian J Pediatr. 2020; 87(4):281–6.
Mangalmurti N, Hunter CA. Cytokine storms: understanding COVID-19. Immunity. 2020; 53(1):19–25.
Azkur AK, Akdis M, Azkur D, Sokolowska M, van de Veen W, Bruggen MC, et al. Immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and mechanisms of immunopathological changes in COVID-19. Allergy. 2020; 75(7):1564–81.
De Jager CPC, van Wijk PTL, Mathoera RB, de Jongh-Leuvenink J, van der Poll T, Wever PC. Lymphocytopenia and neutrophil-lymphocyte count ratio predict bacteremia better than conventional infection markers in an emergency care unit. Crit Care. 2010; 14(R192):1-8.
Li X, Liu C, Mao Z, Xiao M, Wang L, Qi S, et al. Predictive values of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio on disease severity and mortality in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care. 2020; 24(647):1-10.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Medical Profession Journal of Lampung
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
